Selectively controlling the erasure in a magneto-optic recording medium

ABSTRACT

In a magnetic recorder, magnetooptic, for example, the erasure dircetion for successive recording areas (sectors) are determined by the direction of magnetization of prior recording. A mark is placed in each sector for identifying its erasure direction.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to magnetic recording, particularly tomagneto-optic recording.

DISCUSSION OF THE PRIOR ART

Magnetic recording, including magneto-optic recording, generally definesone direction of magnetic remanence as being an erased, or erasure,direction commonly referred to as a binary zero. Recording informationis usually arbitrarily defined as a binary one and is represented in therecord member as magnetic remanence with a magnetic direction oppositethat to the erasure direction. For ease of discussion, it is arbitrarilydenoted that the usual erasure direction is a south pole magnetic fieldemanating from the recording or readback surface of the record member.Such definition assumes that vertical recording is employed, i.e., themagnetic dipole is located inside the record member transversely to theplane of the record member. Recorded information is arbitrarily definedas a north magnetic field emanating from such recording surface. Suchdefinition is necessary for ensuring the faithful reproduction ofinformation-bearing signals recorded in the record medium. Many magneticrecording media are arbitrarily divided into areas defined as bit areas,i.e., that area of a record medium capable of storing one bit ofinformation which is represented by either a south or north poleemanating from the recording surface. A published example of such usage,which is notoriously well known before the publication, is found inpublished unexamined patent applications from Japan 57-24046 dated Feb.8, 1982. This publication shows a bit area denominated by numeral 1awith an erase field 5 and a write or recording field 3. Magnetic flux 2is shown as entering the bit area which in this illustration is arecorded or south pole, i.e., opposite to that defined above whichillustrates the arbitrariness of the such definition.

UK Patent Application GB No. 2,101,793 shows a typical magneto-opticrecorder wherein the recording magnetic field is supplied by anelectromagnetic coil 2' with a recording laser heating the magneto-opticcoating for effecting the recording. This patent application teachesthat a recorded control signal indicates whether or not the informationrecorded on the medium may be erased. It is pointed out that thearbitrary erasure direction is constant throughout the record medium.European Application publication No. 0,153,676 published Sept. 4, 1985teaches that the leakage magnetic field of an actuator moving a head isin the same sense as the erasure direction of the recording medium. Thispatent is cited to show the importance of maintaining the direction ofthe erasure field for ensuring integrity of the recording.

USSR Pat. No. 369,613, May 25, 1973 shows a line magnetic recordingmethod. The method is based upon a sequential effect of a magneticcarrier on a single pole erasing pulses and recording pulses of oppositepolarity, i.e., the arbitrary definition mentioned above. The patentgoes on to say that with a simultaneous reduction of the width of thereverse magnetizable zone of the magnetic carrier, the quality of therecording can be improved, i.e., the width of the reverse magnetizablezone of the carrier is reduced independently of the value of the erasingand recording pulses. The constants which effect consecutive amplitudesof the erasing pulses and change them alternately according to a valuewhich is a function of the level of recordable signal. The recordinghead consists of a conductor with a photoconducting plate having anoptical system which includes a light flux. Here the electric fieldscombine with the light flux to perform a recording but follow thearbitrary definition of erasure and information as set forth above.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,412,264 is a further example of usingarbitrarily-defined erasure and recording directions. U.S. Pat. No.4,539,662 is another example of a magneto-optic recorder. In the latterpatent, a recording track erasure direction is of opposite polarity tothe remanent magnetization of the area intermediate two record tracks.Such an arrangement replaces track-indicating grooves normally found inoptical disks; it still follows the rule that an erasure direction mustalways be the same on a given record medium.

It has been a practice to insert timing or synchronization signals intoeach addressable area of a tape or disk record. The purpose of suchsignals is to establish clock timing in readback circuits used forrecovering data from the record. Included in such signals is a marksignal identifying the boundary between the timing signals and ensuingrecorded data signals. Such mark signal establishes the phase of theclock whereas the timing signals can often only establish frequency ofthe clock. Both parameters have to be established in many recordingschemes. An example of such an arrangement is shown in U.S. Pat. No.3,821,703, particularly in FIGS. 2 and 4. Such signals are recorded andreadback with an assumed single erasure direction in magnetic recording,as set forth above.

Some magneto-optic recorders, employ a rotatable permanent magnet forsupplying reversible magnetic biasing fields to be used during arecording operation. Other magneto-optic recorders employ anelectrically-actuated coil for producing the reversible magnetic-biasingfield. For an erasure, the magnetic field is supplied such that thesouth field is imposed upon the record medium, then the light from alaser impinges onto the record medium for heating same such that all ofthe information-bearing areas to be erased then have south-emanatingremanent magnetizations.

Two problems arise in such recording procedures. The first is a latenttime for reversing the erasure and recording directions. This delay, asa practical matter when employing random-access techniques, i.e., suchas are found in the data processing environment, requires threerotations of a magneto-optic disk for recording information. The firstrotational period or portion thereof is required to redirect themagnetic field from the recording direction to the erasure direction,i.e., during recording operations, the magnetic field is normally in therecording direction such that the north field is imposed upon the recordmember. Whether recording occurs or not is determined by whether a laseris activated to heat the area in the recording area. A second rotationalperiod is used for erasing the area which is to receive information,i.e., currently in magneto-optics before data is recorded, the priordata must be erased. So far, up to two rotations of the magnetic recordmember have been required for just erasing a previously-recordedinformation. The third rotation is for actually recording the data. Itis to be appreciated that the three rotations are a maximal delay. Afourth rotation of the record medium could be required if verificationof the recording is desired. Such delays are generally in the order ofmilliseconds which, in a data processing environment, are unacceptable.Accordingly, it is desired to drastically reduce the latency times foreffecting recording of information on a record medium, such as arotating magneto-optic disk, without changing the integrity of therecorded information.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to enable reduction of the number ofmagneto-optic disk rotations for recording information-bearing signalson such disks. In accordance with the present invention, the erasuredirection of the recording area is selectively made equal to thedata-indicating recording direction of the last-recorded data. Anerasure-direction mark is recorded in the recording area for indicatingeach designated erasure direction. Provisions are made for arbitrarilyerasing portions of the disk to the originally-denominated erasuredirection. In a preferred mode of the invention, the erasure directionindicating mark is recorded independently of the direction of themagnetic field used for recording the information.

The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of theinvention will be apparent from the following more particulardescription of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated inthe accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic showing of a portion of a record memberemploying the teachings of the present invention.

FIG. 1A schematically illustrates an erasure-direction indicating markusable with the FIG. 1-illustrated record member.

FIG. 2 is block diagram of a magneto-optic recorder-reader employing theinvention and usable with the FIG. 1 illustrated record member.

FIG. 3 is a simplified showing of a recording circuit control usable inthe FIG. 2-illustrated recorder-reader.

FIG. 4 is a simplified diagram of readback circuits usable in the FIG.2-illustrated recorder-reader.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the detection of an erasure-directionindicating mark and subsequent control of the readback ofinformation-bearing signals based upon such detection.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating control of a recordingdirection for the FIG. 2-illustrated recorder-reader.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now more particularly to the drawing, like numerals indicateparts and structural features in the various diagrams.

A single record track 10 is shown in FIG. 1. Such record track ispreferably a circular track on a circular magneto-optic disk, such asdisk 30 (FIG. 2). A plurality of such record tracks can either be aseries of concentric tracks, such as normally found in data processingenvironments, or a single spiral track having a plurality ofcircumvolutions, such as usually found in video disks, audio disks, andin some data processing or data recording disks. In any event,information-bearing signals are recorded in track 10 in a plurality ofaddressable sections 11, 12 hereinafter referred to as "sectors". It ispreferred that the sectors on all of the tracks or circumvolutions beradially aligned such that all sectors in all tracks can be easilyaddressable using rotational and radial positions.

Initially, track 10 has an erasure direction S wherein the magnetic fluxfield on the recording surface enters the record medium. Sectors havingsuch an erasure direction south are collectively indicated by numeral11. Some of the addressable sectors in track 10 have an erasuredirection of north as collectively indicated by numeral 12. Whathappens, in accordance with the present invention, is that one of thesectors 11 was written to or other recording operations were employed.Then, a host processor 37 (FIG. 2) demanded the recorder to record datain such sectors. Rather than change the direction of the magnetic field,the erasure direction was changed in the sectors 12 such that a rotationof the disk 30 is eliminated in the recording operation. With theerasure direction being arbitrarily denominated as being north, then allbinary ones, i.e., normally represented by the north remanentmagnetization, are recorded as the south remanent magnetization i.e.,the normal erasure direction. This change eliminates the requirement forchanging the biasing magnetic field to the erasure direction. In thoserecorders employing rotatable magnets, the first-required rotation iseliminated thereby reducing the number of disk rotations to a maximum oftwo. For those recorders employing an electric coil generated magneticfield, the number of sectors scanned during the reversal of the magneticfield is less; however, the same problem occurs and a similar advantageaccrues from practicing the present invention.

Each of the sectors in track 10 include an identification portion 13followed by a trailing data storing portion 14. In each identificationportion 13 there is an identifying gap 15 followed by a synchronizationfield 16 (sync). The gap and sync fields 15 and 16 are well known inoptical and magnetic recording and are not further described for thatreason. The sync field 16 contains signals for synchronizing the timingcircuits of the recorder. Following sync field 16 is a mark 17 whichcontains a unique recorded signal pattern identifying the erasuredirection and can double as an indicator for onset of data. Followingmark 17 is the identification field ID 18 which contains the tracknumber and sector number and other identifying data such as recordnumber, data set identification, and the like. Flag field 19 containssignals indicative of the quality of the sector and other controlsignals incident to a magnetic or optical recorder. CRC field 20contains a cyclic-redundancy check redundancy for verifying the accuracyof recorded fields 15-19.

The data storing portion 14 of each sector in track 10 begins with a gap23 which is constructed similarly to gap 15, i.e., may be an erasedportion or a tone may be recorded therein. Gap 23 usually residesimmediately adjacent to CRC field 20. Pattern bit P 24 is a uniquepattern signifying that the ensuing portion contains user data, i.e.,information-bearing signals. If P=0, no data has been recorded; whenP=1, data has been recorded. Sync 25 synchronizes the timing of therecorder which is followed by the actual data recording in area 26. Sync25 may be terminated by a unique mark signal as is well known in therecording art. ECC and CRC fields 27 (error-correction code andcyclic-redundancy check) operate to detect and correct recording errors,as is well known.

FIG. 1A illustrates a unique readback signal pattern constituting mark17. When the erasure direction is a south pole (E=S), the pattern 28 isrecorded having three positive (north) signals 28P separated by a stringof four south erasure or zero signals. Signal 29 having negative peaks29N (south) separated by four recorded signals (north zeros) to indicatea north erasure direction. The relatively long half wavelength (fourconsecutive zeros) between successive one signals enables the pattern tobe identified as having either positive peaks 28P of signal 28 ornegative peaks 29N of signal 29. The long half wavelengths also enablethe readback circuit to more easily detect the polarity of the peaks 28Pand 29N for reliably indicating the selective erasure direction for theinstant sector. The signal integral of signals 28 or 29 indicate theerasure direction polarities. As will become apparent, readback circuitsrespond to the FIG. 1A-illustrated readback signals to identify erasuredirection for each sector. It is preferred that the long one-halfwavelengths in signals 28, 29 be comparable to longer wavelengths ofinformation-bearing signals on the record member. Such selection limitsthe dynamic range of the signals recorded yet provides a reliableerasure direction indicator.

An optical recorder with which the present invention may beadvantageously employed is shown in FIG. 2. A magneto-optic record disk30 is mounted for rotation on spindle 31 by motor 32. Optical headcarrying arm 33 on head arm carriage generally denoted by numeral 34moves radially of disk 30. A frame 35 of recorder suitably mountscarriage 34 for reciprocating radial motions. The radial motions ofcarriage 34 enable access to anyone of a plurality of concentric tracksor circumvolutions of a spiral track for recording and recovering dataon and from the disk. Linear actuator suitably mounted on frame 35,radially moves carriage 34 for enabling the track accessing. Therecorder is suitably attached to one or more host processors 37, suchhost processors may be control units, personal computers, large systemcomputers, communication systems, image process processors, and thelike. Attaching circuits 38 provide the logical and electricalconnections between the optical recorder and the attaching hostprocessors 37.

Microprocessor 40 controls the recorder including the attachment to thehost processor 37. Control data, status data, commands and the like areexchanged between attaching circuits 38 and microprocessor 40 viabidirectional bus 43. Included in microprocessor 40 is a program ormicrocode storing read only memory (ROM) 41 and a data and controlsignal storing random access memory (RAM) 42.

The optics of the recorder include an objective or focussing lens 45mounted for focussing and tracking motions on head arm 33 by fineactuator 46. This actuator includes mechanisms for moving lens 45 towardand away from disk 30 for focussing, track following and seekingmovements radially of disk 30; for example, for changing tracks within arange of 100 tracks so that carriage 34 need not be actuated each time atrack adjacent to a track currently being accessed is to be accessed.Numeral 47 denotes the two-way light path between lens 45 and disk 30.

In magneto-optic recording, magnet 48 provides a weak magnetic steeringfield for directing the remanent magnetization direction of a small spoton disk 30 illuminated by laser light from lens 46. The laser light spotheats the illuminate spot on the record disk to a temperature above theCurie point of the magneto-optic layer (not shown, but can be an alloyof rare earth and transitional metals as taught by Chaudhari et al, U.S.Pat. No. 3,949,387). This heating enables magnet 48 to direct theremanent magnetization to a desired direction of magnetization as thespot cools below the Curie point temperature. Magnet 48 is shown asoriented in the "write" direction, i.e. binary ones are recorded on disk30 normally are "north pole remanent magnetization". To erase disk 30,magnet 48 rotates so the south pole is adjacent disk 30. Magnet control49 which is mechanically coupled to rotatable magnet 48 as indicated bydashed line 50, controls the write and erase directions. An electriccoil can be used to replace magnet 48, as is known. Microprocessor 40supplies control signals over line 51 to control 49 for effectingreversal of the recording direction.

It is necessary to control the radial position of the beam followingpath 47 such that a track or circumvolution is faithfully followed andthat a desired track or circumvolution is quickly and preciselyaccessed. To this end, focus and tracking circuits 54 control both thecoarse actuator 36 and fine actuator 36. The positioning of carriage 34by actuator 36 is precisely controlled by control signals supplied bycircuits 54 over line 55 to actuator 36. Additionally, the actuatorcontrol by circuits 54 is exercised by control signals travelling overlines 57 and 58 respectively for focus and fine tracking and switchingactions of fine actuator 46.

The focus and tracking position sensing is achieved by analyzing laserlight reflected from disk 30 over path 47, thence through lens 45,through one-half mirror 60 and to be reflected by half-mirror 61 to aso-called "quad detector" 62. Quad detector 62 has four photo elementswhich respectively supply signals on four lines collectively denominatedby numeral 63 to focus and tracking circuits 54. Aligning one axis ofthe detector 62 with a track center line, track following operations areenabled. Focussing operations are achieved by comparing the lightintensities detected by the four photo elements in the quad detector 62.Focus and tracking circuits 54 analyze the signals on lines 63 tocontrol both focus and tracking.

Recording or writing data onto disk 30 is next described. It is assumedthat magnet 48 is rotated to the desired position for recording data.Microprocessor 40 supplies a control signal over line 65 to lasercontrol 66 for indicating that a recording operation is to ensue. Thismeans that laser 67 is energized by control 66 to emit a high intensitylaser light beam for recording; in contrast, for reading, the laser 67emitted laser light beam is a reduced intensity for not heating thelaser illuminated spot on disk 30 above the Curie point. Control 66supplies its control signal over line 68 to laser 67 and receives afeedback signal over line 69 indicating the laser 67 emitted lightintensity. Control 68 adjusts the light intensity to the desired value.Laser 67, a semiconductor laser such as a gallium arsenide diode laser,can be modulated by data signals so the emitted light beam representsthe data to be recorded by such intensity modulation. In this regard,data circuits 75 (later described) supply data indicating signals overline 78 to laser 67 for effecting such modulation. This modulated lightbeam passes through polarizer 70 (linearly polarizing the beam), thencethrough collimating lens 70 toward half mirror 60 for being reflectedtoward disk 30 through lens 45. Data circuits 75 are prepared forrecording the microprocessor 40 supplied suitable control signals overline 76. Microprocessor 40 in preparing circuits 75 is responding tocommands for recording received from a host processor 37 via attachingcircuits 38. Once data circuits 75 are prepared, data is transferreddirectly between host processor 37 data circuits 75 through attachingcircuits 38. Data circuits 75 also ancillary circuits (not shown)relating to disk 30 format signals, error detection and correction andthe like. Circuits 75, during a read or recovery operation, strip theancillary signals from the readback signals before supply corrected datasignals over bus 77 to host processor 37 via attaching circuits 38.

Reading or recovering data from disk 30 for transmission to a hostprocessor requires optical and electrical processing of the laser lightbeam from the disk 30. That portion of the reflected light (which hasits linear polarization from polarizer 70 rotated by disk 30 recordingusing the Kerr effect) travels along the two-way light path 47, throughlens 45 and half-mirrors 60 and 61 to the data detection portion 79 ofthe head arm 33 optics. Half-mirror or beam splitter 80 divides thereflected beam into two equal intensity beams both having the samereflected rotated linear polarization. The half-mirror 80 reflectedlight travels through a first polarizer 81 which is set to pass onlythat reflected light which was rotated when the remanent magnetizationon disk 30 spot being accessed has a "north" or binary one indication.This passed light impinges on photo cell 82 for supplying a suitableindicating signal to differential amplifier 85. When the reflected lightwas rotated by a "south" or erased pole direction remanentmagnetization, then polarizer 81 passes no or very little lightresulting in no active signal being supplied by photocell 82. Theopposite operation occurs by polarizer 83 which passes only "south"rotated laser light beam to photo cell 84. Photocell 84 supplies itssignal indicating its received laser light to the second input ofdifferential amplifier 85. The amplifier 85 supplies the resultingdifference signal (data representing) to data circuits 75 for detection.The detected signals include not only data that is recorded but also allof the so-called ancillary signals as well. The term data, as usedherein, is intended to include any and all information-bearing signals,preferably of the digital or discrete value type.

The rotation position and rotational speed of spindle 31 is sensed by asuitable tachometer or emitter sensor 90. Sensor 90, preferably of theoptical-sensing type that senses dark and light spots on a tachometerwheel (not shown) of spindle 31, supplies the "tach" signals (digitalsignals) to RPS circuit 91 which detects the rotational position ofspindle 31 and supplies rotational information-bearing signals tomicroprocessor 40. Microprocessor 40 employs such rotational signals forcontrolling access to data storing segments on disk 30 as is widelypracticed in the magnetic data storing disks. Additionally, the sensor90 signals also travel to spindle speed control circuits 93 forcontrolling motor 32 to rotate spindle 31 at a constant rotationalspeed. Control 93 may include a crystal controlled oscillator forcontrolling motor 32 speed, as is well known. Microprocessor 40 suppliescontrol signals over line 94 to control 93 in the usual manner.

FIG. 3 illustrates, in simplified form, a portion of data circuits 75used to record signals by activating laser 67 with signals over line 78.A sequencer 100 may be a shift register timer, or the like, timed byclock 101 (synchronized through the sync fields 16 and 25) by receivingtiming pulses over line 101A for timing and sequences the recordingoperation to generate the format shown in FIG. 1. A write command isreceived from microprocessor 40 over line 102. Lines 103 from sequencer100 carry function-enabling signals to the various writing or recordingcircuits for generating the format. All of the circuit portions receivethe timing pulses from line 101A. Gap circuit 105, in response to asequence signal received over a line 103, supplies a tone over line 106through OR circuit 107 to the actual write or recording circuits 108.Circuits 108 convert the digital signals into a set of signals suitablefor a recording in magneto-optic recording. These recording signalstravel over line 78 to activate laser 67. When sequencer 100 has meteredsufficient time for creating the gap 15, then a sync pattern isgenerated by circuits 110. Sequencer 100 enables circuits 110 to supplythe sync signals over line 111 through OR circuit 107 to write circuits108. Such pattern may be a symmetrical square wave. When sequencer 100determines a sufficient sync pattern 16 has been recorded, it thenactivates mark pattern circuit 112 through its line 103 to send a10000100001 mark pattern (FIG. 1A) over line 113 to write circuits 108.The direction of the biasing magnetic field from magnet 48 determines ifthe magnetic pattern is, in fact, recorded to respectively producereadback signals 28 or 29. Other circuits not shown in FIG. 3 enable therecording of data by supplying the data signals through OR circuit 107to write circuits 108. It is to be appreciated that various circuits,such as circuits 105, 110 and 112, can be repeated for each portion ofthe format or the functions can be shared, i.e., gap circuits 105 can beused for recording both gaps 15 and 23 as is known in the recordingarts.

FIG. 4 is a simplified showing of a readback circuit usable herein. FIG.4 illustrates circuits 79 as a single transistor with light impinging onthe transistor as indicated by the dashed line arrow labeled "from 61".Level detector 100 determines the erasure direction as described laterwith respect to FIG. 5 to supply unidirectional data-indicating pulsesover line 101 to a DC restore circuit 103. The DC restore circuitsupplies its output signals to peak detector 104. Detector 104 suppliesdetected peak signals as data over line 105 for clock timing, datadetection, error detection and correction as is well known. Circuits100-104 are all a part of data circuits 75.

FIG. 5 details the construction of level detector 100. The input signalto the level detector is received from differential amplifier 85 (FIG.2) within detector 79. Differential amplifier 120 supplies firstpolarity signals over line 121 and opposite polarity or inverted signalsover line 142. The line 121 signals travel to detect gap circuit 122which is activated by an RPS (rotational-position sensing) circuit notshown which indicates the rotational position of the desired gap. Suchrotational position control is well known in the magnetic recording art.The activating signal on line 123 activates the detect gap circuit 122which is time limited in operation by a timeout signal received overline 124, preferably from the RPS circuit (not shown). When a gap 15 isdetected by sampling the signals on line 121, a gap-indicating signaltravels from detect gap circuit 122 over line 125 to activate analog ANDcircuit 126 to pass the sync 16 signal and the mark signal 17 to analogintegrator circuit 127. Since the sync signals are symmetrical, the neteffect of integration is zero. When a mark signal is supplied, the mark17 integration is either positive (read signal 29) or negative (readsignal 28). Comparators 128 compares the mark integrated signal with avoltage reference VR on line 129. When comparator 131 detects signalpattern 28 (negative integration), it supplies an activating signal overline 130 to set latch 132 to a first state. The arrangement is such thatthe gap signal supplied over line 125 is delayed through a sync delaycircuit 135, thence travels over line 136 to reset the latches 132 and133 in preparation for detection of mark 17. This readback action closesboth analog switches 140 and 141 so that no signals are supplied to line101. When comparator 131 completes its mark 17 detection, one and onlyone of the latches 132, 133 is set to the active condition forrespectively activating or closing analog switches 140, 141 to passeither the first positive signals on line 121 or the negative signals142, respectively for the south or north erasure direction. Analogswitch 141 passes the first positive signals over line 144 throughdifferential amplifier 143 to line 101 as a first set of unidirectionalpulses. When the erasure direction is reversed, the negative signalssupplied over line 142 are passed by analog switch 140 over line 145 tothe negative input of differential amplifier 143. Amplifier 143 invertsthe polarity of these signals to supply positive signals over line 101to the DC restore circuit 103. For purposes of synchronization, bycircuits not shown, latch 132 may be set to the active condition whilelatch 133 is set to the inactive condition. This results in analogswitch 141 being activated to pass the gap and the sync signals 15 and16. The arrangement shown in FIG. 5 causes both switches 140, 141 to beclosed intermediate to reading of the mark signal 17 and ID signal 18.

The erase polarity can be electrically indicated by the level detector100. This indication is achieved by delay circuit 137 delaying the gapsignal from line 136 to activate AND circuit 138 for passing the outputof latch 132 as an erase polarity-indicating signal on line 102.

The gap 23 of FIG. 1 is not detected by circuit 127 in that the RPSsignal over line 123 is absent when gap 23 is being scanned.Accordingly, the detect gap circuit 122 then supplies no detected gapsignal on line 125 keeping AND circuit 126 closed. Note that theduration of the detect gap signal is equal to the time that beam 47 isscanning both the gap sync and mark fields 15, 16, and 17 of FIG. 1.

Referring next to FIG. 6, a control circuit for controlling the biasingmagnetic field (represented by magnet 48) is described. The circuit is aportion of control circuits 49. Microprocessor 40 supplies a write orerase mode control signal respectively to terminals 150 or 151. The modeis selected by a negative going signal. Similarly, a write gate or erasegate signal (WGT or EGT) is supplied to terminals 152, 153,respectively. A first NOR circuit 155 compares the erase mode signal onterminal 151 with the write gate signal on terminal 152. If the twosignals are different, then the output signal from NOR circuit 155 iscompared with the write mode signal on terminal 150 by NOR circuit 156.If these two signals are different, then NOR circuit 156 supplies anactivating signal over line 155 to activate the coil controlling circuit165, later described, to either the write or record mode. In a similarmanner, NOR circuit 160 compares the signals on terminals 150 and 153for supplying an activating signal during an erase mode to NOR circuit161. Circuit 161 then passes the erase signal on terminal 151 over line166 to circuits 165 for causing the erase mode to be instituted. In theerase mode, the magnetic field imposed upon disk 30 is a south field,while in the write mode, a north field is imposed on disk 30.

A purpose of circuit 165 is to control direction and amount of currentflow through coil 164 which provides a magnetic field to be imposed ondisk 30 as represented in FIG. 2 by magnet 48. When a magnet 48 isprovided, the coil 164 may be used to rotate or detent the magnetbetween its two stable positions, i.e., the north and south poles,respectively adjacent disk 30.

For current flow through coil 164, the first voltage supply V1 at 166supplies electrical power through a suitable filter 167. Two transistors168 and 175 are alternately actuated between erase and write conditionsby the signals on lines 157 and 162. When the signal on line 157 isrelatively positive, transistor 169 conducts current causing transistor168 to supply current to one end of coil 164. Additionally, transistor169 emitter drives transistor 170 to current conduction for takingcurrent from the other end of coil 164 to ground reference potential.The transistors 175, 176, 177 are nonconductive during this state ofoperation.

For causing erase current, the flow through coil 164 is to be in theopposite direction to the write or recording current, the transistor 175is caused to conduct current from filter 167 to the other end of coil164. The relatively positive signal on line 162 causes transistor 176 tobias transistor 175 to current conduction. Additionally, transistor 176emitter drives transistor 177 to current conduction. Accordingly, erasecurrent flows from filter 167 through transistor 165, thence coil 164and transistor 177 to ground reference potential. During the erasecurrent mode, transistors 168, 169 and 170 are nonconductive. Capacitor171 may be placed across the coil 164 for electrical transientsuppression.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described withreference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood bythose skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may bemade therein without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. In a data recorder adapted to recordinformation-bearing signals onto a magnetic record member along recordtracks and to sense signals recorded on the magnetic record member alongsaid record tracks;the improvement including, in combination: magneticbiasing means for supplying a magnetic field to a magnetic record memberin the data recorder said magnetic field identifies one of two recordingdirections, and said magnetic biasing means including means to alternatethe recording directions with one of said recording directions being anerasure direction and the second one of said directions being adata-indicating direction; indication means operatively coupled to saidmagnetic biasing means for indicating the recording directions forpredetermined portions of said magnetic record member; direction meansoperatively coupled to said indication means for sensing said magneticfield direction for indicating said recording directions at saidpredetermined portions respectively; erasure control means connected tosaid direction means for indicating a magnetic erasure direction beingthe same as said indicated recording direction irrespective if one ofthe recording directions is for erasure or for data-indicating directionand the data-indicating direction being reversed from said indicatedrecording direction; and data channel means connected to said erasuremeans and being operatively coupled to said magnetic record member forrecording and reading information-bearing signals on to and from saidmagnetic record member in accordance with said erasure means indicationsuch that the erasure and recording directions on said magnetic recordmember alternate on said magnetic record member between saidpredetermined portions.
 2. In the invention set forth in claim 1,further including, in combination:said indication means consists of anarea on said magnetic record member in each of said predeterminedportions and wherein said data channel means operatively coupled theindications means to said magnetic biasing means; and format means insaid data channel means for recording in said indication means anderasure direction mark with a signal pattern that indicates saidrecording directions of, said magnetic field when said erasure directionmark is recorded.
 3. In the invention set forth in claim 2, furtherincluding, in combination:said format means being operative to recordsaid erasure direction mark having a signal pattern exhibiting symmetryalong the length of a record track in which the erasure-direction markis recorded.
 4. In the invention set forth in claim 3, wherein saidformat means is further operative to record said erasure-direction markwith a predetermined number of one-half wavelengths which have an extentalong the length of the record track in which recorded comparable tolonger wavelengths of data signal recorded therein.
 5. In the inventionset forth in claim 3, further including, in combination:erasure overridemeans in said data channel means for actuating said biasing to supply aconstant erasure direction biasing signal to predetermined ones of saidpredetermined portions for erasing all of said predetermined portions tosaid erasure direction.
 6. In the invention set forth in claim 5,further including, in combination:said magnetic record member having arecording layer with magneto-optic characteristics; said data channelmeans including thermal energy radiant means for emitting a beam ofradiation for selectively feeding a small portion of said magneto-opticlayer; beam directing means optically interposed between said thermalenergy radiation means and said magnetic record member for directingsaid beam of radiation to an addressed spot on said magnetic recordmember, addressing means connected to said beam direction means foractuating same to direct the beam of radiation to an addressed spot; andsaid beam directing means directing said beam of radiation onto saidmagnetic record member to be coincident in space with said magneticbiasing field for recording information onto the magnetic record memberin the area that is thermally excited by said beam of radiation.
 7. Theinvention set forth in claim 6, wherein said magnetic biasing meansconsists of an electromagnetic coil and said magnetic biasing meansincluding circuit means for actuating said coil to emit the biasingfield as having either a north or south pole at said magnetic recordmember.
 8. The invention set forth in claim 6, wherein said magneticbiasing means include a rotatable permanent magnet mounted in proximityto said magnetic record member and having rotatable control means forrotating the magnet for providing first and second direction magneticbiasing fields.
 9. The invention set forth in claim 1, wherein saidindication means comprises an area in each of said predeterminedportions for receiving an erasure direction indication mark and saiddata channel means operatively coupled the indication means to saiddirection means and said magnetic biasing means be indisposed withrespect to the magnetic record member to half the magnetic biasing fieldthrough areas of said indication means; andsignal circuit means in saiddata channel means responsive to the data channel means for reading saiderasure direction indication mark to selectively invert output dataindications from said data circuit means and further including datadetector means for detecting polarity signals read back from saidmagnetic record member for supplying said output signals and supplyingsignals to said signal circuit means for determining the erasuredirection.
 10. The invention set forth in claim 9, further including,analog switch means in said data channel means and coupled to said datadetector and connected to said signal circuit means for selectivelyinverting at least one signal of the polarity signals read back fromsaid magnetic record member.
 11. The invention set forth in claim 10,wherein said erasure direction indicating mark consists of a signalpattern symmetrical with respect to a direction of scanning of saidrecord member by the data channel means; andcomparator means in saidsignal circuit means including an integrator for integrating the signalpattern of said erasure direction indicating mark for indicating theerasure direction and being coupled to said analog switch means forcontrolling same to selectively invert the read back data signal. 12.The invention set forth in claim 11, wherein said erasure directionindicating mark includes one or more one-half wavelengths within saidsignal pattern which wavelengths have lengths comparable to a longestone-half wavelength of data recorded on said magnetic record member. 13.The invention set forth in claim 12, wherein said data detector includesa level detector receiving unidirectional pulses from said analog switchmeans representative of data read from said magnetic record member;a DCrestore connected to said level detector for receiving saidunidirectional pulses and restoring the DC reference value thereto; andpeak detector means in said data detector means coupled to said DCrestore for receiving signals from the DC restore for peak detectingsame for indicating the data read from said magnetic record member. 14.The invention set forth in claim 13, wherein said magnetic record memberhas a recording layer exhibiting a magneto-optic property and said datachannel means activating a laser means to emit a beam irradiation havinglinear polarization;beam directing means optically interposed betweenthe laser means and said magnetic record member for directing thelinearly-polarized light to said magnetic record member such that themagnetic record member reflects the linearpolarized light with apredetermined Kerr rotation and direction indicative of the storedinformation; and optical detector means disposed in said data channelmeans for optically intercepting the reflected light and detecting samesupplying the detective signal to said analog switch means.
 15. Theinvention set forth in claim 14, wherein said signal pattern consists ofa series of three binary one signals with a plurality of binary zerosignals interposed between the adjacent binary one signals saidplurality of binary zero signals being three or greater with said binaryzero signals being said one-half wavelength said data channel meansrecording said pattern such that the binary one signal are in therecording direction and the binary zero signals are in the erasuredirection as determined by said magnetic biasing means and saidintegrator responding to the binary zero signals for indicating theerasure direction.